Somalia's modern history is a tale of independence, prosperity and democracy in the 1960s, military dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s - followed by a desperate decline into civil war and chaos almost ever since.

The effect of the war has been to scatter the Somali people in their millions to refugee camps and neighbouring countries - and in their hundreds of thousands to the UK, Canada and the United States.

Somalia gained independence from Britain and Italy in 1960. It held free and fair elections and was ruled democratically from 1960 to 1969.

Once labelled the "Switzerland of Africa", Somalia enjoyed almost a decade of democracy. The first elected president of Somalia, uniting the former British and Italian territories, was Adam Abdullah Osman who reigned for seven years. He was succeeded, freely and peacefully, by Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke.

Sharmarke, however, was assassinated by one of his own bodyguards in 1969.

Speaker of the Somali Parliament Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein took over, but his brief, six-day tenure was cut short by a military coup led by General Siad Barre, ending Somalia's period of democratic government.

Whatever its faults - and there were many - Barre's 22-year rule effectively created modern Somalia, building one of Africa's strongest armies and massively improving the literacy of the population.

Yet Barre, who gained the support of the US and the Soviet Union, the superpowers of the day, also dissolved parliament, suspended the constitution, banned political parties, arrested politicians and curbed press freedom.

"From then, there was a downward trend. In everything. A disintegration. And every time things were going down, the military regime was becoming more brutal and more dictatorial," says Jama Mohamed Ghalib, a former Somali government minister.

But when Barre launched the Ogaden war in 1977 to take the Somali majority region from Ethiopia, it provoked serious international opposition, including that of the Soviet Union which had once supported Barre but now sided with Ethiopia. The Somali army was forced to withdraw.

But the other long-lasting outcome was civil war, with myriad competing factions and frequent intervention by foreign powers and neighbouring countries.

In 2006, the Islamic Courts Union split into several factions, one of which was Al Shabab. The radical group still controls large parts of the south of the country today.

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Somalia is what many people think of when you say "failed state" - so why?

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The Somali people are Africa's largest ethnic group. With a total population of about 25.8 million, most live in Somalia (17.6 million) and/or the unrecognized Republic of Somaliland (5.7 million). If we limit ourselves to just the Somali diaspora elsewhere in the Horn of Africa, that still means 7.3 million Somalis live in what is known as Greater Somalia, which includes: most of Djibouti, eastern Ethiopia, northeastern Kenya, and sometimes even Yemen's Socotra Archipelago.

This concept isn't exactly though, with some tracing the idea of a Greater Somalia back to the Dervish Movement of the early 20th century and briefly, during the Italian colonial period, it seemed Rome might actually unify all Somali lands.

Following independence, however, it became intertwined with Somali nationalism, a movement which envisions unifying these area to form a single nation-state.

This ultimately led to Mogadishu backing Somali rebels in Ethiopia's former Ogaden region and Kenya's Northern Frontier District. What's more, in 1977, the newly established Somali Democratic Republic fought a war with Addis Ababa to make Greater Somalia a reality. Things didn't exactly work out for Mogadishu and this ultimately led to a decades-long civil war that tore apart Somalia.

Still, the concept of a Greater Somalia continue to be popular for many even today.

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CHAPTERS

00:00 Intro + What is Greater Somalia?
01:26 Irredentism
02:37 The Somali Dervish Movement
04:01 Italian Colonialism
05:22 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
07:18 Shifta War
10:25 Ogaden War
13:29 Collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic

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Turkey has been trying to act as a mediator in the ongoing row between Somalia and Ethiopia. The escalating tensions in the Horn of Africa are as a result of a maritime deal that also affects Egypt. Turkey has been a long-time partner of Somalia but has also been investing in the country for more than a decade. A new naval deal signed this year deepened the ties between the two countries. This explainer looks at their relationship and why Turkey is keen to establish itself in the region.

#turkeysomalia #turkeynews #somalianews

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SOMALI FOOD PT 1

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🥔 NAFAQO: Mix mashed potato mix with salt. Pour in water and continue mixing. Cut a hard boiled egg in half and coat it with a clump of mashed potatoes. Mold into a circle, forming a ball and place in an orange coloring mix. Fry the balls and enjoy!

🐟 FRIED TILAPIA: Score the fish and pour in Mama Wiilo’s secret sauce (including vinegar, hot sauce, saffron and gedo masala). Fry until golden brown.
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2. HAMDI TEA
ADDRESS: Shop 101 Karmel Mall, 2910 Pillsbury Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55408
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🫖 SHAAH: Pour water into a teapot and bring to a boil. Pour in sugar, four scoops of black tea and nutmeg. Pour into a smaller container and add ginger and ground cardamom. Mix well. Pour back into a big tea pot. Pour tea through the strainer and then into a frothing cup. Add half and half and froth.
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3. HOYO SAMBUSA
ADDRESS: 9600 Aldrich Ave S, Bloomington, MN
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🐄 BEEF SAMBUSA WITH BASBAAS: Basbaas: Mix onions, jalapeños, lemon juice, cilantro, salt, garlic, black pepper and cook.| Folio (sambusa wrapper): In a mixing bowl, add water, flour, olive oil and salt. Take the dough and form balls then flatten. Rub oil on dough and stack. Press the dough to flatten. Cut the folio into four quadrants. | Beef (filling): Blend onions and mix with salt, ground cumin, ground coriander, crushed red pepper, and a dash of ground turmeric. In a big pot, add ground beef and brown it for 30 minutes. Drain the beef. In a big pot, sauté chopped white onions. Add the beef. Add the seasoning. Cook for a few more minutes. ASSEMBLE: take one quadrant and fold it into a cone shape. Stuff with beef and seal the edges.

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4. AFRO DELI & GRILL
ADDRESS: 5 West 7th Place, St. Paul, MN 55102
SOCIAL: https://www.afrodeli.com/ | Instagram: @afrodeli

🐐 WHOLE GOAT: Dry rub the outside of the goat using berbere, garlic powder, lemon pepper, cumin, nutmeg and crushed cardamom. Inside goat: Moist rub the inside of the goat with a mixture of garlic, soy sauce, lemon juice and bay leaves. Add in carrots, potatoes, celery and onions. Roast the goat for about 6 hours. Serve with Somali-style rice.

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Fifteen years after the creation of al-Shabaab in Somalia, terror still reigns and the reality on the ground just shifted more in their favor.

In a last ditch effort to leave a mark on foreign policy before his ouster, President Trump announced a drawdown of US troops in global hotspots around the world, including around 700 in Somalia. With no soldiers on the ground the plan promised to provide support through an already controversial and secretive drone program–which watchdog groups say has killed exponentially more civilians than the US admits.

VICE News travels to the frontline of Somalia’s war against al-Shabaab to see what the US pullout means for the next chapter in the war on terror.

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It is more than a decade since the armed group al-Shabab was pushed out of Somalia's capital, Mogadishu.
Since then, a relative calm has returned to the coastal city.
And now an economic boom is fuelling a surge in property development.

Al Jazeera’s Catherine Soi reports from Mogadishu, Somalia.

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With no state, no public amenities, no bank system, a scarce army, an under-equipped police force, and almost daily attacks, the majority of Somalia is completely out of government control. Despite the presence of an international African army, AMISOM, the country lives under the rule of armed Islamists who take orders from Al Qaeda.

Every year, the international community spends billions on aid, and yet the country is weaker than ever. Rather than benefiting citizens, the majority of international aid money is tied up in astronomical security costs, or is embezzled by a corrupt political class. It is estimated that less than 20% of aid money actually reaches its intended recipients.

With unprecedented access, our team was able to spend 16 days filming in the capital, Mogadishu, and its surrounding areas. This film attempts to understand how this country, under control of one of the strongest Islamist groups in the world, remains in chaos.

0:00 Somalia, one of the most dangerous countries in the world, is plagued by terrorism and violence, with the city of Mogadishu under constant attack.
7:32 The video highlights the difficult living conditions in Somalia and the desperation of its young population to leave the country for a better life in Europe.
16:19 Somali leaders work to rebuild their country and regain the trust of the people.
24:34 The video discusses the challenges faced by the mayor of Mogadishu, Somalia in dealing with terrorism and the efforts to maintain security in the city.
30:53 A rare look inside the most dangerous prison in Africa housing Al-Shabaab terrorists and dangerous criminals in Somalia.
42:38 International aid funding for Somalia is being misused and does not reach the people in need.
49:24 The video highlights the dire healthcare situation in Somalia, where a lack of resources and widespread corruption contribute to high mortality rates.

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Thank you to all the Somali Geograpeeps that helped with this one. Also support geograpeep Ruba and her business making #Africa flag logo shirts at http://unityshirtsshop.com

#Somalia #Cool

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Arriving in Mogadishu. Let's explore the capital of Somalia.

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For several months, from the Seychelles Islands to the Somali coast, Olivier Joulie went to meet fishing bosses, soldiers and even pirates... His very detailed investigation betrays the disarray that reigns in a region where fish catches are multiplying hostages.

Covering two million square kilometers, from the Indian Ocean to the Gulf of Aden, the area has become one of all dangers. In 2009, more than two hundred ships were victims of acts of piracy there. Giant oil tankers, cruise ships or fishing boats, no building is safe. In Port Victoria, the crews of Spanish tuna boats do not hide their concern. Barring a miracle, they will have to rely only on themselves to repel the pirate attacks. This is no longer the case for their French colleagues. The owners of the nine fishing boats engaged in the region ended up putting their hands in their pockets. For an amount estimated at 2.5 million euros, they now ensure the presence on board of around sixty marines.

Men ready for anything
In order to secure the region, Europe set up Operation Atalanta in 2008. A device engaging frigates and patrol aircraft. Protection considered, by many, insufficient. Especially since, entering Somalia, and particularly in Puntland, Olivier Joulie realizes that the lure of profit is pushing more and more Somalis towards delinquency. They sometimes obtain millions of euros to free the ships they have taken control of. The causes of the explosion of this maritime crime are crystal clear for Sayid Aden Cade, the mayor of the village of Hobyo: "Intensive fishing by large foreign boats destroys wildlife. They draw on our natural resources and the fish are gradually disappearing . Our fishermen, with their simple nets, do not have the means to fight and they are becoming more and more poor..." No reason in sight for the pirates to soon put away their skiffs and their Kalashnikovs...
Director: Olivier Joulie

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Similar to the situation in other Muslim-majority countries, I'm finding Somalia (Mogadishu) to be a male-dominant society -- but that doesn't mean there aren't incredible women doing big things behind the spotlight!

So, I wanted to focus this video on the talented Somali women in Mogadishu who aren't getting as much recognition as they deserve.

Through Instagram, I got connected with Yasmin and Maryam -- two young women who represent a new generation of female entrepreneurs and social media stars in Somalia. Here is their full story!

#somalia #africa #travel

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Somalia has one of the highest rates of violent deaths in the world, and it's a name associated only with hardship—conflict, famine, chaos. But the media does not show you the artists, the innovators, the younger population pulling together amidst it all. The real Somalia is more than you think, and its spirit is anything but broken.


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Chapters:
0:00 Pack your bags, we're going to Somalia!
3:22 Landed in Mogadishu
4:33 First impressions of Mogadishu
7:46 Why Mogadishu looks destroyed?
8:29 Liido beach after the attack and the Al-Shabaab
10:25 Traditional Somali gathering
11:23 Somalia day 2
12:17 Checking out the fish market
14:52 Exploring the old city and lighthouse
16:20 Black Hawk Down (The Battle of Mogadishu)
17:10 $1000 donation to the School for deaf and blind)
20:13 Camel-riding at the sand dunes of Somalia
21:53 Meeting a reformed Somali pirate
24:25 Sailing the sea with a Somali pirate boat
26:47 Closing thoughts on my visit to Somalia

#somalia #mogadishu #kismayo #burco

Somalia is a country most famous for having failed. But how did it get that way? Why did Somalia fail? To find out watch this short and simple animated history documentary.

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Join me (and a dozen of my security guards) on a journey to Somalia, one of the most dangerous countries in the world! We'll visit the historic region of Puntland and see the Mogadishu fish market – perhaps the worst fish market I’ve been to yet. Learn about the power struggles between clans, how Ethiopia ruined Somalia-USSR relations, and how foreign debt impacts the local economy. And of course, no video about Somalia can go without pirates! We’ll even interview one, to find out what life really is like for them. Will Somalia transform into a thriving tourist destination one day? Check out in my new video!

The Amish: Living Off the Grid in the 21st Century
https://youtu.be/FHw0KchbYqY

Bangladesh: People Struggling to Survive in the Most Overpopulated Country in the World
https://youtu.be/TdWBuzfcRs8

Liberia: Who Pollutes The Ocean? | Ecology, Paintings, Freedom
https://youtu.be/FNapJQLsK20

Cape Verde: Top Spot for Your Dream Beach Holiday! | Amazing Nature, Beaches, Mountains And More
https://youtu.be/5G3fxScWQb4

Eritrea, Africa: Where Time Stands Still | No Internet, No Electricity, No Tourists
https://youtu.be/NUmXzDnhsFg

Peru: Welcome To The Navel Of The World! | Do You Need A Shovel? | Ocean, Llamas, Flamingo
https://youtu.be/XLnNElb-c7U

Taiwan: A Blend of China and Japan? | Asia, History, Architecture, Politics
https://youtu.be/A86ggh28fus

#africa #somalia #pirates

Tips and tutorials for YouTube bloggers from my team: https://vrlmv.com/n7cz74

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Hello! My name is Ilya, I am a Russian journalist and founder of various urban beautification projects in Moscow and around Russia. There is nothing in the world that I love more than traveling. On this channel, I will do my best to give you an objective overview of life in different parts of the globe. Subscribe to the channel so you don't miss my new videos!

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Chapters:
00:00 Introduction: Homeland of pirates
00:59 The history of Somalia: A deep dive into its past and struggle for independence.
03:07 Internal conflicts: 15 years without a proper government
03:50 Visiting Puntland to uncover the fight against piracy.
05:50 Exploring the ruins and remnants of a turbulent past.
07:03 An exclusive interview with a former pirate!
09:17 Pirate economy: How much did the pirates earn?
10:32 Pirate stock exchange: How did it work?
12:38 Soviet legacy in Somaliland
14:46 A glimpse into the local tourism infrastructure.
16:05 How did modern Somalia form?
19:03 Clan power in Somalia
23:21 Can you travel here without security guards?
26:47 Somalia's economy: Trade and poverty.
27:16 Mogadishu fish market: one of the worst places I’ve been to.
29:01 Debt crisis: IMF agreements and the currency exchange challenges.
32:35 Life in a refugee camp
33:48 Why do they use paintings instead of text?
35:58 Education in Somalia: Visiting school and a university
41:20 Gender roles in Somalia
42:12 Drinking culture: where can you find beer?
44:34 Will Somalia ever become a tourist paradise?
48:03 Architectural quirks: Water tanks atop houses.
49:32 Conclusion

Exploring more of Somalia and travelling to the coast!
-My Instagram for photos of Somalia: http://indigotraveller.space/Instagram
-My Venezuela Trip Videos: http://indigotraveller.space/Venezuela-Series

-All my Somalia videos: http://indigotraveller.space/Somalia-Series

-Music used in my videos (Free 30 trial): http://share.epidemicsound.com/indigotraveller

-Khalid's Channel: http://indigotraveller.space/KhalidOsman

-FREE $40 AirBNB Credit (Travel accommodation worldwide): http://www.airbnb.co.nz/c/nickf5404

-My IRAN videos: http://indigotraveller.space/Iran-Series
-My IRAQ videos: http://indigotraveller.space/Iraq-Series

-My Patreon: http://indigotraveller.space/Patreon
-My Facebook Page: http://indigotraveller.space/Facebook
-PayPal ID (if you prefer to Patreon): nick@indigotraveller.org

-Camera Equipment that I use:
http://indigotraveller.space/Camera-Equipment

-Business Email: nick@indigotraveller.org

Video #304 - Let me know your thoughts in the comments section 🙈

Appreciate your support!

In late October, the landlocked African nation of Burkina Faso saw the end of its president’s 27-year-long reign. A popular revolution terminated Blaise Compaoré’s term after he tried to change the constitution so that he could run for a fifth consecutive term.

Cornered by an angry mob in his presidential palace, "Beau Blaise" fled the country along with his entourage as protesters torched the National Assembly and other symbols of the old regime.

Now in exile, Compaoré is rumored to be living in luxury on the Ivory Coast. In Burkina Faso, a new transitional government has emerged, led by President Michel Kafando and his prime minister, Lieutenant-Colonel Yacouba Isaac Zida.

VICE News went to the streets of Burkina Faso’s capital of Ouagadougou in the midst of the revolution to document the final hours of Compaoré’s reign.

Watch "The War Next Door (Full Length)" - http://bit.ly/1we4sbb

Read "Civilian Rule Restored in Burkina Faso as Former UN Ambassador is Named Interim President" - http://bit.ly/1u72hvM

Read "Burkina Faso Official Will Ask Morocco to Extradite Former President" - http://bit.ly/1AjQIOt

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Two of Niger's neighbouring countries, Burkina Faso and Mali, have issued a joint statement saying they would regard any military intervention in Niger as a declaration of war on them.

On Sunday the regional organisation, Ecowas, threatened to use force to reinstate Niger's elected President Mohamed Bazoum, who was deposed in a coup on Wednesday.

Please subscribe here: http://bit.ly/1rbfUog

#Niger #BBCNews